Ukraine’s soldiers want drones and robots that can handle more of the flying and driving themselves, letting one operator oversee multiple systems instead of manually controlling each one.

Ukraine’s rapidly expanding arsenal of aerial drones and ground robots has become central to its fight against Russia’s larger military. Defense technology companies say they’re increasingly automating certain tasks while keeping humans responsible for decisions about using force.

In practice, that means shifting more routine work from the operator to the drone. Newer systems can increasingly navigate, return to base, and help identify targets independently…